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Infectious dose (ID) is the amount of pathogen (measured in number of microorganisms) required to cause an infection in the host.〔Leggett, H. C., et al. (2012). "Mechanisms of Pathogenesis, Infective Dose and Virulence in Human Parasites." PLoS Pathog 8(2): e1002512.〕 Usually it varies according to the pathogenic agent and the consumer's age and overall health. == Infectious doses for some known microorganisms == * ''Escherichia coli'' : very large (106 - 108 organisms) * ''Salmonella'' : quite large in order to definitely establish infection (e.g. >105 organisms) but infection may also be established by lower numbers (e.g. 10s of organisms) 〔Hara-Kudo, Y., & Takatori, K. (2011). Contamination level and ingestion dose of foodborne pathogens associated with infections. Epidemiology and infection, 139(10), 1505-1510.〕 * ''Vibrio cholerae'' : relatively large (104 - 106 organisms) * ''Bacillus anthracis'' : relatively large (104 spores) * ''Campylobacter jejuni'': low (500 organisms) * ''Francisella tularensis'': very low (10-50 organisms) * ''Shigella'' : very low (10s of organisms) * ''Cryptosporidium parvum'' : very low (10 to 30 oocysts) * ''Escherichia coli'' O157:H7 : very low (<10 organisms) * ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' : very low (<10 organisms) 〔1.Pfyffer, G. E. (2007). ''Mycobacterium'': General Characteristics, Laboratory Detection, and Staining Procedures. In P. R. Murray (Ed.), Manual of Clinical Microbiology (9th ed., pp. 543-572). Washington D.C.: ASM Press.〕 * ''Entamoeba coli'' : extremely low (from 1 cyst) The likelihood of infection in all cases is also linked to the immune status of the individual (immunocompromised individuals may become infected more readily).〔Hara-Kudo, Y., & Takatori, K. (2011). Contamination level and ingestion dose of foodborne pathogens associated with infections. Epidemiology and infection, 139(10), 1505-1510.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Infectious dose」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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